| Announced athlete | Qualified |
| Host nation - 1 |
| --. Rosane Ewald |  Brazil | |
| World Championships 2014 - 6-1 |
| --. Petra Zublasing |  Italy | Petra Zublasing |
| --. Yi Siling |  China | Yi Siling |
| Exchanged |  Germany | Sonja Pfeilschifter |
| Two shooters secured quota places (won by Beate Gauss and Sonja Pfeilschifter) for Germany in the women's rifle events, but both of these places were occupied by Barbara Engleder as a double starter. Therefore, the German Shooting Federation had decided to exchange one of them with the women's 25 m pistol which was awarded to Monika Karsch. |
| --. Du Li | China | Zhang Binbin |
| --. Andrea Arsović |  Serbia | Andrea Arsović |
| --. Stine Nielsen |  Denmark | Stine Nielsen |
| American Continental Championships 2014 - 1 |
| --. Eglis Yaima Cruz |  Cuba | Eglis Yaima Cruz |
| World Cup 3 2015 ISSF - 3-1 |
| --. Ivana Maksimović | Serbia | Ivana Maksimović |
| --. Apurvi Chandela |  India | Apurvi Chandela |
| Exchanged |  Sweden | Michaela Arvidsson |
| Sweden secured a quota place in the women's 10 m air rifle at the 2015 ISSF World Cup meet in Changwon, but the Swedish Olympic Committee chose to exchange it with the men's double trap instead based on performances throughout the qualifying period. The slot was occupied by London 2012 silver medalist Håkan Dahlby. |
| World Cup 5 2015 ISSF - 3 |
| --. Gankhuyagiin Nandinzayaa |  Mongolia | Gankhuyagiin Nandinzayaa |
| --. Sarah Scherer |  United States | Sarah Beard |
| --. Shimaa Hashad |  Egypt | Shimaa Hashad |
| World Cup 6 2015 ISSF - 3 |
| --. Valentina Gustin |  Croatia | Valentina Gustin |
| --. Olivia Hofmann |  Austria | Olivia Hofmann |
| --. Selina Gschwandtner | Germany | Nina Laura Kreutzer |
| European Games 2015 - 1 |
| --. Sarah Hornung |  Switzerland | Sarah Hornung |
| Pan American Games 2015 - 2 |
| --. Goretti Zumaya |  Mexico | Goretti Zumaya |
| --. Fernanda Russo |  Argentina | Fernanda Russo |
| World Cup 7 2015 ISSF - 3 |
| --. Elaheh Ahmadi |  Iran | Elaheh Ahmadi |
| --. Najmeh Khedmati | Iran | Najmeh Khedmati |
| --. Daria Vdovina |  Russia | Anna Zhukova |
| Oceania Championships 2015 - 1 |
| --. Jennifer Hens |  Australia | Jennifer Hens |
| African Championships 2015 - 1 |
| --. Hadir Mekhimar | Egypt | Hadir Mekhimar |
| Asian Olympic Qualifying Tournament 2016 - 2 |
| --. Ayonika Paul | India | Ayonika Paul |
| --. Kim Eun-hye |  South Korea | Lee Eun-seo |
| European Championships 10m events 2016 - 3-1 |
| Exchanged | Switzerland | Petra Lustenberger |
| Two shooters secured quota places (won by Petra Lustenberger and Jasmin Michler) for Switzerland in the women's rifle events, but both of these places were occupied by Nina Christen as a double starter. Therefore, the Swiss Olympic Association decided to exchange one of them with the men's 50 m rifle three positions, which was awarded to Jan Lochbichler. |
| --. Snježana Pejčić | Croatia | Tanja Perec |
| --. Julianna Miskolczi |  Hungary | Julianna Miskolczi |
| Additional - 24 |
| Exchange of quota places - 2 |
| --. Dvoršak Živa |  Slovenia | |
| Slovenia secured a quota place in the women's 10 m air pistol at the 2014 ISSF World Championships in Granada, Spain, but the Slovenian Olympic Committee chose to exchange it with the women's rifle events instead based on performances throughout the qualifying period. The slot was occupied by London 2012 Olympian Živa Dvoršak. |
| --. Park Hae-mi | South Korea | |
| Kim Cheong-yong secured a second quota place for Korea in the men's 10 m air pistol, but the slot was occupied by Jin Jong-oh as a double starter based on his cumulative scores at the national selection trials. As a result, the Korean Shooting Federation decided to exchange it with an additional women's 10 m air rifle spot, which was awarded to Park Hae-mi. |
| Tripartite Commission Invitation - 7 |
| --. Esther Barrugués |  Andorra | |
| --. Kunzang Lenchu |  Bhutan | |
| --. Carina García |  Bolivia | |
| --. Tatjana Đekanović |  Bosnia Herzegovina | |
| --. Urata Rama |  Kosovo | |
| --. Nina Balaban |  Macedonia | |
| --. Minhal Sohail |  Pakistan | |
| Athletes qualified in other events - 15 |
| --. Amelia Fournel | Argentina | |
| --. Dianelys Pérez | Cuba | |
| --. Nikola Mazurová |  Czechia | |
| --. Adéla Sýkorová | Czechia | |
| --. Barbara Engleder | Germany | |
| --. Jennifer McIntosh |  Great Britain | |
| --. Yelizaveta Korol |  Kazakhstan | |
| --. Malin Westerheim |  Norway | |
| --. Sylwia Bogacka |  Poland | |
| --. Agnieszka Nagay | Poland | |
| --. Yarimar Mercado |  Puerto Rico | |
| --. Jasmine Ser |  Singapore | |
| --. Nina Christen | Switzerland | |
| --. Natallia Kalnysh |  Ukraine | |
| --. Virginia Thrasher | United States | |
| Total 50 Shooters. |
