| Medals Men | G | S | B | All | | 1. United States | 4 | 5 | 6 | 15 | | 2. Kenya | 4 | 1 | 4 | 9 | | 3. Jamaica | 2 | | | 2 | | 4. Russia | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | | 5. Ethiopia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | | 6. Australia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | | 7. Poland | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | 8. Trinidad Tobago | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | 9. Cuba | 1 | | 2 | 3 | | 10.Estonia | 1 | | | 1 | | 10.Italy | 1 | | | 1 | | 10.Norway | 1 | | | 1 | | 10.Panama | 1 | | | 1 | | 10.Portugal | 1 | | | 1 | | 10.Slovenia | 1 | | | 1 | | 16.Belarus | | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 16.Great Britain | | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 18.Bahamas | | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 19.France | | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 20.Ecuador | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.Japan | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.Latvia | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.Morocco | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.New Zealand | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.South Africa | | 1 | | 1 | | 20.Sudan | | 1 | | 1 | | 27.Brazil | | | 1 | 1 | | 27.Canada | | | 1 | 1 | | 27.Finland | | | 1 | 1 | | 27.Lithuania | | | 1 | 1 | | Total | 24 | 23 | 24 | 71 |
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| Medal relocations after positive dopping tests. | 1. Men 1500m: The original gold medalist, Rashid Ramzi of Bahrain, was stripped of his gold medal for having committed anti-doping violations.
The rest of the competitors were elevated by one position accordingly. | 2. Men 4×100m Relay Jamaican team originally won gold medals but was disqualified due to anti-doping rules violation by Nesta Carter.
The CAS decided in 2018 that Trinidad and Tobago is the winner. | 3. Men 4×400m Relay Russian team originally won bronze medals but was disqualified due to anti-doping rules violation by Denis Alexeev.
Following reallocation, Great Britain's Robert Tobin, Andrew Steele, Michael Bingham and Martyn Rooney have been awarded bronze. | 4. Men Pole Vault The original bronze medalist, Denys Yurchenko of Ukraine, was stripped of his bronze medal for positive test for the prohibited substance.
On 17 April 2017, Derek Miles received the bronze medal. | 5. Men Shot Put The original bronze medalist, Andrei Mikhnevich of Belarus, was stripped of his bronze medal after being given a lifetime ban in 2013 for doping offences.
Dylan Armstrong of Canada has received the bronze. | | 6. Men Hammer Throw Vadim Devyatovskiy and Ivan Tsikhan were originally disqualified for doping, but had their medals reinstated in June 2010 after the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that there was an error at the Chinese medical lab. |
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| Medals Women | G | S | B | All | | 1. United States | 3 | 5 | 1 | 9 | | 2. Jamaica | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | | 3. Russia | 3 | | 3 | 6 | | 4. Kenya | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | | 5. Ethiopia | 2 | 1 | | 3 | | 6. Belgium | 2 | | | 2 | | 7. Ukraine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | | 8. Cuba | 1 | 1 | | 2 | | 9. Great Britain | 1 | | 4 | 5 | | 10.Brazil | 1 | | 1 | 2 | | 11.Cameroon | 1 | | | 1 | | 11.Czechia | 1 | | | 1 | | 11.New Zealand | 1 | | | 1 | | 11.Romania | 1 | | | 1 | | 15.Nigeria | | 2 | | 2 | | 16.China | | 1 | 3 | 3 | | 17.Australia | | 1 | | 1 | | 17.Croatia | | 1 | | 1 | | 17.Germany | | 1 | | 1 | | 17.Norway | | 1 | | 1 | | 21.Canada | | | 1 | 1 | | 21.France | | | 1 | 1 | | 21.Italy | | | 1 | 1 | | 21.Morocco | | | 1 | 1 | | vacant | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | Total | 23 | 24 | 22 | 69 |
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| Medal relocations after positive dopping tests. | | 1. Women 5000m Original silver medalist Elvan Abeylegesse, Turkey, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return silver medal following a positive test for a banned substance at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics. Meseret Defar of Ethiopia was advanced to silver, and Sylvia Kibet of Kenya to bronze. | 2. Women 10000m Original silver medalist Elvan Abeylegesse, Turkey, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return silver medal following a positive test for a banned substance at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics.
Shalane Flanagan was awarded the silver medal and Linet Chepkwemoi Masai the bronze. | | 3. Women 3000m Steeplechase Original bronze medalist Yekaterina Volkova, Russia, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return bronze medal following retesting of her original in-competition sample returned a positive test for the presence of banned substances. Following medals reallocation Tatyana Petrova-Arkhipova of Russia received the bronze medal. | | 4. Women 4×100m Relay Originally won by Team Russia, but gold medals were stripped due to anti-doping rules violation by Yulia Chermoshanskaya. Following medals reallocation Belgium are awarded gold, Nigeria – silver and Brazil – bronze. | | 5. Women 4×400m Relay Team Russia originally won silver medals, while Team Belarus originally placed fourth, but both were disqualified due to anti-doping rules violations - by Anastasiya Kapachinskaya and Tatyana Firova in the case of Russia and Sviatlana Usovich for Belarus. Following medals reallocation Jamaica are promoted to silver and Great Britain to bronze. | | 6. Women High Jump Original bronze medalist Anna Chicherova, Russia, was officially stripped of her bronze medal following a positive retest of her sample from the 2008 Games for the anabolic steroid turinobol. Yelena Slesarenko, Russia, and Vita Palamar, Ukraine, originally 4th and 5th, also were disqualified for doping following retests. Originally the 6th place athlete, Chaunte Howard, United States, has received the bronze medal. | 7. Women Long Jump Original silver medalist Tatyana Lebedeva, Russia, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return silver medal following retesting of her original in-competition sample returned a positive test for the presence of the banned substances.
Blessing Okagbare of Nigeria was advanced to silver. In the case of bronze medal reallocation the bronze medal will be awarded to Chelsea Hammond of Jamaica. | 8. Women Triple Jump Original bronze medalist Hrysopiyi Devetzi, Greece, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return bronze medal following retesting of original in-competition samples returned a positive result for banned substances.
Original silver medalist Tatyana Lebedeva, Russia was also disqualified later due to use of banned substances. | | 9. Women Shot Put Original silver medalist Natallia Mikhnevich, Belarus, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return silver medal following retesting of her original in-competition sample returned a positive test for the presence of the banned substances methandienone and stanozolol. Original bronze medalist Nadzeya Ostapchuk, Belarus, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return bronze medal following retesting of her original in-competition sample returned a positive test. Following medals reallocation Misleydis González of Cuba is promoted to silver and Gong Lijiao of China to bronze. | | 10. Women Discus Throw Retests of samples from the 2008 Summer Olympics detected a positive sample from original silver medalist Yarelys Barrios, Cuba, for performance-enhancing drugs, and she was stripped of her medal on 1 September 2016. After medal reallocation Olena Antonova received silver and Song Aimin received bronze. | 11. Women Hammer Throw Original gold medalist Aksana Miankova, Belarus, disqualified, and stripped of and ordered to return gold medal following retesting of her original in-competition sample returned a positive test for the presence of the banned substances turinabol and oxandrolone.
Following medals reallocation Yipsi Moreno of Cuba is promoted to gold, Zhang Wenxiu of China to silver and Manuela Montebrun of France to bronze. | | 12. Women Javelin Throw Maria Abakumova, Russia, who originally won the silver medal in the women's javelin, disqualified after she tested positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone. Christina Obergföll of Germany was advanced to silver. In the case of bronze medal reallocation the bronze medal will be awarded to Goldie Sayers, Great Britain. | 13. Women Heptathlon Lyudmila Blonska, Ukraine, who originally won the silver medal in the women's heptathlon, disqualified after she tested positive for methyltestosterone.
Following reallocation Hyleas Fountain of the United States awarded silver, Tatyana Chernova of Russia – bronze. Chernova, Russia, who had been awarded the bronze medal following Blonska's disqualification, was herself disqualified after a retest of her 2008 sample was found to also be positive for banned substances, namely turinabol; the British Olympic Association confirmed on 13 September 2018 that the medal would be awarded to the 2004 bronze medalist Kelly Sotherton, Great Britain. |
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